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Kato, Hiroshige*; Sato, Mitsuyoshi*; Owada, Hitoshi*; Mihara, Morihiro;
JNC TN8430 2000-008, 53 Pages, 2000/05
Cementitious materials will be used in TRU waste disposal repository. In such cases, it is considered that the migration of alkaline leachates from cementitious materials, so called high pH plume, will cause dissolution of rock and precipitation of secondary minerals. In addition, the high pH plume will move along the flow of groundwater, so it is predicted that rock formation and components of high pH groundwater vary with time and space. However, time and spatial dependence of the variations of secondary minerals and groundwater components has not been clarified. In order to acquire the data of variations of secondary minerals and groundwater components, we carried out the rock alteration experiments with column method. The crushed granodiorite was filled into 4 meters length column (
3.7 cm) and artificial cement leachate (pH=13.3; Na=0,1 mol/l, K=0.1 mol/l, Ca=0.002 mol/l) was streamed at flow rates of 0.1 ml/min for 7 months at 80
C. As the result, secondary minerals confirmed on the rock were calcite and C-S-H at upstream of column and C-S-H at mid-downstream. The pH value of the fluid dominated by Na and K did not be decreased by reaction with the rock. In this study, the data relating to the effect of high pH plume on rock over the long term was acquired.
*; *; Morooka, Koichi*
JNC TJ8400 2000-043, 170 Pages, 2000/03
JNC-TJ8400-2000-043.pdf:7.63MB
This study is an object to collect and arrange data about the mass transfer path during a natural barrier system by grasping actual rock feature, in order to be useful for a performance assessment of a natural barrier system at geological disposal of HLW. An existence of permeability high large-scale faults extends a large influence over a performance assessment of geological disposal. With "The Second Progress Report on Research and Development for the Geological Disposal of HLW in Japan" which Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC) issued, it is as" A repository would be located at least 100 meters away from major faults and major fracture zones which could adversely affect the stability and performance of the repository" as a Reference Case concept model of a natural barrier system, Then, they are as "in the Reference Case, the transport path consists of the host rock and the downstream fault". It will not be easy to know the distribution of faults in the subsurface deep division without data acquired from many boreholes and underground laboratory. With this study, specific data on the large-scale faults and fracture zones has been collected and arranged by investigating in underground galleries and on the literatures of a post-operated mine site. Based on this result, a consideration on the principal transfer pass at a natural barrier system has been conducted. The contents conducted in this report is the follows. (1)investigation of literature about data of fracture, shear zone, and geology, (2)field investigation of fracture and shear zone in the rock, (3)arrangement of these results, (4)modeling of the major water conductive feature, and (5)evaluation of an assumption which has been introduced in the Second Progress Report issued by JNC.
Ikeda, Takao*; Yoshida, Hideji*; Miki, Takahito*
JNC TJ8400 2000-046, 264 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ8400-2000-046.pdf:6.73MB
This report contains discussions about methodology for the selection of parameter values, stochastic approach for the biosphere assessment and biosphere modelling for marine discharge case are described. Regarding the methodology for the selection of parameter values, important aspects for the data selection were discussed, and data selection protocol was developed. Regarding the stochastic approach for the biosphere assessment, it is confirmed that Straightforward Monte Carlo Method and Latin Hypercube Sampling Method are the most adequate based on a literature survey. Then stochastic assessment by using biosphere model that was developed in the second progress report was carried out to check the sensitivity of parameter values. Finally, availability of several kind of assessment models for marine discharge case were discussed. It was confirmed that Multiple Compartment Model was the most applicable. Assessment using Multiple Compartment Model was carried out. The results were compared with those derived by numerical model. As a result, the difference between two models were small enough.
Ikeda, Takao*; Yoshida, Hideji*; Miki, Takahito*
JNC TJ8400 2000-045, 134 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ8400-2000-045.pdf:4.12MB
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Fukunaga, Sakae*; Yokoyama, Hidekazu*; Arai, Kazuhiro*; Asano, Hidekazu*; Senjyu, Takafumi*; Kudo, Akira*
JNC TJ8400 2000-030, 54 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ8400-2000-030.pdf:1.69MB
It is easy to assume from the past data that microbial transport do not find at 100%-sodium bentonite. Microbial transport do not find at 100%-calcium bentonite too. There are no effects to distribution ration (Kd) of Neptunium (Np) and Plutonium (Pu) with bentonite by sterilizing on low Eh condition (Eh= -500mv). Kd values of Np and Pu show behavior, which are increasing on the hard acidic and alkali conditions. Especially, Kd values of Pu shows one of Kd value is about 100 ml/g on pH=3
6, but the other of Kd value is about 400,000 ml/g on pH=13. Precipitating plutonium hydrates occurred the large Kd value on alkali condition.
Fukunaga, Sakae*; Yokoyama, Hidekazu*; Arai, Kazuhiro*; Asano, Hidekazu*; Senjyu, Takafumi*; Kudo, Akira*
JNC TJ8400 2000-029, 36 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ8400-2000-029.pdf:1.28MB
It is easy to assume from the past data that microbial transport do not find at 100%-sodium bentonite. Microbial transport do not find at 100%-calcium bentonite too. There are no effects to distribution ration (Kd) of Neptunium (Np) and Plutonium (Pu) with bentonite by sterilizing on low Eh condition (Eh = -500mv). Kd values of Np and Pu show behavior, which are increasing on the hard acidic and alkali conditions. Especially, Kd values of Pu shows one of Kd value is about 100 ml/g on pH = 36, but the other of Kd value is about 400,000 ml/g on pH = 13. Precipitating plutonium hydrates occurred the large Kd value on alkali condition.
Kudo, Akira*; Fujikawa, Yoko*
JNC TJ8400 2000-010, 67 Pages, 2000/02
JNC-TJ8400-2000-010.pdf:2.17MB
The first and second environmental releases of man-made 
Pu came from nuclear explosions at Alamagordo and Nagasaki in 1945. The release at Nagasaki was more serious than at Alamagordo, because it happened in an area with a high population density. Unfissioned Pu and various fission products have been interacting here with various environmental materials (soils, sediments, and plants) under wet and temperature conditions for more than 45 years. To assess the environmental mobility of Pu, the distributions of radionuclides from this release were investigated at Nishiyama where heavy black rain containing unfissioned plutonium and fission products fell 30 minutes after the nuclear explosion. The vertical distributions of 
Cs and Pu were determined in unsaturated soil cores up to 450cm deep. Most radionuclides were found in the soil column 30cm from the ground surface. However, Pu were detected in the groundwater as well below a depth of 200cm. No Cs was found below 40cm from the ground surface or in groundwater. These observations reveal that about 3% of the total Pu have been migrating in the soil at a faster rate than the remaining Pu. Sharp peak of Cs and Pu, indicating heavy deposition from the Nagasaki local fallout of 1945, were found in sediment cores collected from the Nishiyama reservoir. Pu peaks were unexpectedly discovered in pre-1945 sediment core sections. NO Cs was found. By contrast to the distribution in sediment cores, Cs in tree rings had spread by diffusion from the bark to the center of the tree without holding a fallout deposition record. Most of the Pu was distributed in the tree rings following a similar deposition record to that found in sediment cores. Furthermore, a very small amount of Pu (about 1%) was found unexpectedly in pre-1945 tree rings. The only reasonable ...